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天安門簡介,天安是故宮的一部分嗎

來源:整理 時間:2022-09-20 01:17:34 編輯:深圳本地生活 手機版

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1,天安是故宮的一部分嗎

天安是故宮的一部分,是故宮的北大前門。故宮外有一皇城,天安門就是皇城的北門,皇城的其它三個門,城北是地安門,東為東華門,西為西華門,皇城的城墻不完整,天安門兩側墻比較完整。明清時期,天安門廣場是北京紫禁城正門外的一個宮廷廣場,東、西、南三面用圍墻圍成一片普通百姓不可進入的禁地。天安門簡介:天安門作為建筑群是故宮的一部分,但是天安門不屬于故宮博物院的范疇,天安門的后面就是故宮,故宮的正門是午門,通過午門才算是進故宮游覽。天安門可以說是中國著名的地標之一,也是我國開國大典以及歷次閱兵的舉辦場所。天安門是中華文明的歷史象征,見證了我國的開國大典、升旗儀式、歷次大閱兵等。天安門始建于明朝永樂15年,在紫禁城建成之后才開始建設,剛開始的時候天安門是叫承天門,寓意“承天啟運,受命于天”,之后改名為天安門,寓意“受命于天,安邦定國”。

天安是故宮的一部分嗎

2,天安門可以用什么詞來形容

天安門是皇宮的冠冕,城樓的杰作,東方大國氣派的門臉。天安門是近現代中國的晴雨表,是民族情感跌宕起伏的溫度計。天安門及其廣場是有靈魂的。那是民族的靈魂,是和每一個關心國家民族命運的,炎黃子孫休戚相關的靈魂。天安門書寫著首都的繁榮,書寫著中國的美麗。她是北京的也是世界的,來吧!朋友,這里可是凈化心靈的好地方,這里可是美麗的天堂!美麗的天安門廣場,我天天都把你來看望。我在這里想著我, 千里之外的家鄉,深情地凝望。拓展資料:天安門,坐落在中華人民共和國首都北京市的中心、故宮的南端,與天安門廣場以及人民英雄紀念碑、毛主席紀念堂、人民大會堂、中國國家博物館隔長安街相望,占地面積4800平方米,以杰出的建筑藝術和特殊的政治地位為世人所矚目。天安門是明清兩代北京皇城的正門,始建于明朝永樂十五年(1417年),最初名“承天門”,寓“承天啟運、受命于天”之意。設計者為明代御用建筑匠師蒯祥。清朝順治八年(1651年)更名為天安門。由城臺和城樓兩部分組成,有漢白玉石的須彌座,總高34.7米。天安門城樓長66米、寬37米。城臺下有券門五闕,中間的券門最大,位于北京皇城中軸線上,過去只有皇帝才可以由此出入。正中門洞上方懸掛著毛澤東畫像,兩邊分別是“中華人民共和國萬歲”和“世界人民大團結萬歲”的大幅標語。民國十四年(1925年)十月十日,故宮博物院成立,天安門開始對民眾開放。1949年10月1日,在這里舉行了中華人民共和國開國大典,由此被設計入國徽,并成為中華人民共和國的象征。1961年,中華人民共和國國務院公布為第一批全國重點文物保護單位之一。參考資料:百度百科-天安門

天安門可以用什么詞來形容

3,天安門的由來

安門始建于明永樂十五年(1417年),原名“承天門”,取“承天啟運”、“受命于天”之意。 當時天安門是一座黃瓦飛檐、三層樓的五洞牌坊,朱漆金釘,光彩奪目。一條筆直的中心御道,穿過端門,直通皇宮正門的午門。御道兩側,按左宗廟、右社稷的傳統建制排建。御道兩側增筑紅墻,一直延伸到天安門外,與兩道干步廊相連,成為一個封閉狀態的宮廷廣場。廣場外圍,左為文官官署,右為武官官署,充分顯示了中央集權的浩浩聲勢。 清順治八年(1651年),改建為“天安門”,取“受命于天”、“安邦治民”之意。它有漢白玉石的須彌座,高大而色彩濃郁的墻臺,上有兩層重檐大樓,東西九間,南北五間,象征皇權的“九五之尊”。通高33.7米,36扇朱紅菱花門扉,60根通天圓柱,貼金的“雙龍合璽”彩錦,團龍圖案的天花藻井,由一個450公斤八角宮燈和16個各重350公斤的六角宮燈組成的眾星捧月圖案,使整個大殿莊嚴雄偉,金碧輝煌。門前開通的金水河,一枕碧流,飛架起七座精美的漢白玉橋,橋面略拱,橋身如虹,構成綺麗的曲線美。橋南東西兩側,各有白玉石華表矗立,云繞龍盤,極富氣勢。面前是封閉狀態的宮廷廣場,文武百官到此下馬,庶民百姓不得入內,探頭一看,即犯“私窺宮門”的重罪,格殺無赦。 明清五百年間,天安門是新帝登基、皇后冊封而頒詔天下的地方,是皇帝金殿傳臚、招賢取士的場所,也是皇帝出征赴太廟祭祖的必經之路,對老百姓來說,它是拒人千里之外的禁區。直到1911年辛亥革命以后,宮廷廣場兩側緊閉的大門自然而倒,東西長安街變成交通暢行的要道。自此以后,炳彪中國革命史冊的“五四運動”、“一二九運動”、開國大典、“四五運動”等等重大歷史事件,都以此為舞臺,威武雄壯地在這里演出。特別是新中國成立后,天安門成了偉大祖國的象征,新擴建的天安門廣場成了世界上最大最壯麗的人民廣場。 天安門是人間的瓊樓玉宇,集古代建筑藝術之大成。它又是封建等級制的形象體現:中間最突出的一座雕著蟠龍柱頭的橋面,只許皇帝一人通過,叫“御路橋”;左右兩座雕有荷花柱頭的橋面,只許親王通過,叫“王公橋”;再兩邊的,只許三品以上的文武大臣通過,叫“品級橋”;最靠邊的普通浮雕石橋,才是四品以下官吏和兵了走的,叫“公生橋”。 自1987年11月開始,天安門正式對中外游客開放。在此之前,極少有普普通通的老百姓像今天這樣可以接近天安門,盡情瞻仰她的豐美雄姿,和像當年國家領導人一樣,自由自在地扶欄遠眺廣場壯闊的全景。因而,自開放后,吸引著成千上萬的中外游客競相登樓暢游。天安門簡介

天安門的由來

4,天安門簡介一百字以內

天安門位于北京市區中心,原是明、清兩朝正門,明永樂十八年建成,清順治八年改建為如今樣式,更名為天安門。拓展資料:天安門歷史沿革元朝元朝至元元年(1264年)元世祖詔令以燕京作為中都,至元九年改中都為大都。元大都從至元四年(1267年)開始興建,到元至元二十二年(1285年)建成,歷時18年。大都城從里至外分別是宮城、皇城和大城。明朝明朝洪武元年(1368年),明朝建立,明大將徐達統率軍隊攻克元大都,更名為北平。永樂元年(1403年)正月,燕王朱棣將北平改稱北京,暫稱“行在”(皇帝在外時的行都)。就位后把首都從南京遷到北京。明永樂十五年(1417年),征召全國各地能工巧匠,開始大規模重建北京城。其時,江蘇省蘇州府吳縣香山人蒯祥奉命設計建造皇宮,負責設計和組織施工作承天門。明永樂十八年(1420年),承天門建成,為一座黃瓦飛檐的三層樓式的五座木牌坊,因建造時完全模仿南京的承天門,故命名承天門。牌坊正中高懸“承天之門”匾額。明永樂十九年(1421年),朱棣頒詔正式遷都北京。明天順元年(1456年),承天門遭雷擊起火被焚毀。明成化元年(1465年),由工部尚書白圭主持,由蒯祥設計并領銜重建了承天門。此次重建后的承天門,只是由原來的東西寬5間、南北進深3間,擴大為寬9間、進深5間,形制上由原來的牌坊式改建成宮殿式。承天門由城臺和城樓兩部分組成,是當時北京城里最大、最高的一座門樓。本次重修,也奠定了今日天安門的形制。明崇禎十七年(1644年),李自成率領農民起義軍攻占京城再次被毀。次年再次重修承天門。清朝清順治八年(1651年),清世祖福臨下令在原址廢墟上大規模改建,并更名為“天安門”,取“受命于天,安邦治國”之意。康熙年間又經過兩次大規模的修繕。清光緒二十六年(1900年),八國聯軍攻入北京,洗劫并炮轟天安門。建國以后1949年8月9日至14日,第一屆北平市各界代表會議一致決定:整修天安門和天安門廣場。當時的北平市政府動員全市人民對市區進行一次徹底的大清理,以嶄新的面貌迎接新中國誕生。1949年10月1日,新中國舉行盛大的開國大典。[7]毛澤東率領黨、政、軍和各民主黨派、群眾團體的負責人登上天安門城樓,向全世界宣告中華人民共和國成立。1952年,北京市第四屆第一次各界人民代表大會,決定較全面地修繕天安門城樓。這是自清康熙二十九年(1690年)近260年以來第一次大規模的修繕工程。1956年,對城樓東北翼角及劈裂、脫樣的角梁進行了翻修,接長了城臺欄桿扶手。為確保天安門的絕對安全,1957年8月至9月,有關部門在對天安門城樓進行防雷工程全面檢查的基礎上,在頂部安裝了避雷設施。1966年4月,邢臺地震發生地震后,政府組織力量對城樓內的五架梁、西山花踏腳木、草架柱進行了加固,將部分傾斜的梁柱等構件進行了拉結,并增加了鐵箍。1969年12月15日至1970年4月7日,為徹底解決天安門城樓幾百年來積存下的種種問題和不安全隱患,國務院和北京市委決定將舊城樓拆除,按原規模和建筑形制重建天安門城樓。重建的天安門城樓實際通高34.7米,比以前高了83厘米。此次重建將原勾頭滴水瓦頭的龍紋改為葵花紋,將原大點金旋子彩畫改為金龍和璽彩畫,枋心繪西番蓮,且將大木改造。1980年,又一次大修,按9度抗震能力設計施工。1984年,有關技術部門對城樓防雷設施進行了重點檢查和遙測,增加了防雷引下線。1988年,城樓開始對公眾開放。1991年,天安門城樓上裝置了238組立面泛光照明設備。1992年,為迎接黨的“十四大”勝利召開,又在城樓上安裝了14道光芒四射燈。1994年,為慶祝中華人民共和國成立45周年,對天安門及兩側紅宮墻進行了大規模修繕粉刷,新式大紅燈籠取代了舊燈籠,更換了城樓地毯和大廳內壁畫,廳內的紅漆木柱、菱花格窗也全部進行了油飾。2009年,天安門城樓為迎接新中國成立60周年展開修繕。此次天安門城樓修繕工程將主要以對梁柱、屋頂等部位的重新粉刷和彩繪為主。2011年國慶節前,天安門進行每年例行圍擋施工,通過施工,工人還將檢查天安門城樓主體部分是否有開裂、漏水等情況,然后進行修補。此外,還將對天安門城樓、東西紅墻等進行外墻粉刷。2012年,為迎接國慶節和黨的“十八大”的召開,天安門城樓紅墻將被重新粉刷。2013年5月2日至6月6日,經北京市人民政府批準,天安門地區管理委員會對天安門城樓實施“琉璃瓦屋面除草、清壟維護保養工程”施工。院內地面將進行鋪裝改造,解決地面防滑和破損問題。2018年6月12日,從天安門地區管委會獲悉,天安門城樓及城臺修繕方案已獲國家文物局批準,將于2018年6月15日正式開工。預計2019年4月底恢復對外開放,5月底全部完工。參考資料:天安門 (北京故宮城門、中國國家象征)

5,北京的天安門簡介

  Tiananmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center of Beijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of Heavenly Succession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tiananmen, and served as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections of the Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book of Changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.  During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tiananmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:  1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall of Supreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)  2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), to Tiananmen Gate tower.  3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.  4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry of Rites.  5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.  Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued by Golden Phoenix”.  During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tiananmen was the most important passage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.  On the Westside of Tiananmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sens Park), and on the east side, the Working Peoples Cultural Palave. The Park was formerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.  The Working Peoples Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the Supreme Ancestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.  The stream in front of Tiananmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer Golden River),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royals Bridges). Farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( common Bridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the east and the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.  The two stone lions by the Gate of Tiananmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperors walkway. In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention to one of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament.  The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendary animal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperors behaviour. He was doing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside the palace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for their complaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were given the names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperors coming back) and “ wangjunchu”( Expecting the emperors going out) respectinvely.  In the old days, Tiananmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant for important occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behind the main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the government waiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperial administration.  On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tiananmen Rostrum the founding of the Peoples Republic of China. Since then Tiananmen has been the symbol of New Chine\a. Chairman Maos portrait is hung above the central entrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples of the World”. Today , the splendour of Tiananmen attracts million of visitors from all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the public for the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square and the city proper.  Tiananmen Square  Situated due south of Tiananmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares( 109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for public gatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in Chinas modern history and is a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day on May 1st and national Day on October 1st.  Around the Square are several famous buildings:  1 The Great Hall of the People  This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in 1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center, a banquet hall in the north wing facing Changan Street, with a seating capacity of 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers are named after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly unde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different from the other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.  2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution  These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese History houses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process of Chinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:  1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st century BC);  2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);  3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);  4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)  The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to 1949.  3 The Monument to the Peoples Heroes  the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1, 1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monument as made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple piece inlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province. It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in the country. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it is an artistic work of excellent architectural value.  On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinese characters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to the Peoples Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by Chairman Mao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.  At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of such flowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, and fortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting the Chinese historic events since 1840. They are:  1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:  2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;  3) The Revolution of 1911;  4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;  5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;  6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;  7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;  8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peopless Liberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplying the Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.  4 Chairman Maos Mausoleum  Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the Peoples Pepublic of China, passed away on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum began to be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the following year. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.  The mausoleum is surrounded by four groups of sculpture. East of the northern entrance is the sculpture depicting the period of the New Democratic Revolution( 1919-1949), and west of it is the one signifying the great achievements of the Chinese people during the period of slcialist revolution and construction since 1949. The sculptures in front of the southern gate are figures of workers, peasants soldiers, intellectuals, technicians and children.  Inside the Mausoleum are three main sections: A white marble statue of Chairman Mao is mounted on a platform in the front lobby. On the wall behind the statue is a 24-metre-long( 79-foot-long) tapestry, a fine needlepoint work with beautiful landscapes of the country.  In the main hall there is a crystal coffin, in which Chairman Maos body lies stately with the Communist Partys flag covering over him.  On the wall of the southern lobby, a poem by Chairman Mao and in his own calligraphy is inscribed in gold inlay. It expresses his full great expectations for the country.  Tian anmen Square has now completed its renovation after eight months hard work to welcome the 50th anniversary of the Peoples Republic in 1999.  英文的...  各位團友大家好,今天我們要參觀的是世界上最大的城市中心廣場——天安門廣場及天安門。  天安門廣場位于北京市中心。南北長880米,東西寬500米,占地面積達44萬平方米,是當今世界上最大的城市中心廣場。國家機構按文東武西的格局分列廣場兩側。東邊建有國家博物館,西邊是人民大會堂,中間聳立國旗旗桿和人民英雄紀念碑。毛主席紀念堂在廣場南部。最南端是正陽門及其箭樓。  我們現在所在的位置就是皇城的正門天安門。天安門始建于明永樂十五年(1417年),原名承天門,取“承天啟運,受命于天”之意。開始時僅是一座三層樓式的木坊。屢毀屢建,直至清順治八年(1651年)才重建為九五開間的重檐歇山式頂樓,取“受命于天,安邦定國”之意。改名為天安門。天安門除了舉行其他盛大儀式之外,也曾經是清朝皇帝舉行“金鳳頒詔”禮的地方。每逢冬至去天壇祭天,夏至到地壇祭地,孟春到先農壇 耕,以及皇帝大婚或出兵親征,都要從天安門出入。舉子們的黃榜也是從此捧出的。  現在的天安門城樓在城臺正中大門上方掛有一幅巨型毛主席畫像。畫像高6米、寬4.6米,總重約1.5噸。每年國慶節前都要重新繪制。第一幅畫像的作者是周令釗。現在畫像的工作由北京美術公司的葛小光先生接續。在城樓重檐正中懸掛的國徽是以周令釗和張仃的創意為基礎,最終由梁思成設計完成的,國徽的圖案由天安門、國旗、齒輪、麥稻穗和紅綬帶組成。城樓內根據開國大典時的環境布置有國畫“鐵骨傲霜雪,幽香透國魂”及董希文創作的著名油畫《開國大典》。  城門前面是與故宮內相通的金水河,河上橫跨7座漢白玉金水橋,中間5座分別與天安門城樓的5個門洞相對。正中是供帝后行走的御路橋,兩側為宗室王公行走的皇族橋。再向外的兩座是品級橋,供三品以上官員行走。最外面位于太廟和社稷壇門前的,是供四品以下官員及其其他人員行走的公生橋。在金水橋南北兩岸各有一對雕刻于明永樂年間的石獅子,東側的都是雄獅子。腳踏繡球,象征一統寰宇。西側的都是雌獅子。腳踩幼獅,寓意母儀天下,子孫綿延。它們都把頭微微傾向內側,以示保護御路保護皇上。金水河南岸還有一對立于明成化元年高約10米,重達20噸的漢白玉華表,與其對稱在天安門內側也有一對。華表頂部承露盤上有一小獸,俗稱“望天吼”。其作用是用來警示皇上。據說華表源于用作路標的表木和聽取意見的誹謗木。現在的華表只是用來起裝飾作用。  華表以南這條車水馬龍的大街就是“中華第一街”——長安街了。明清時期的長安街東起東單牌樓,西到西單牌樓。全長十華里號稱“十里長街”。如今的長安街,東起通州,西至石景山,全長42公里。可謂“百里長街”。  長安街過后,由近到遠。首先看到的就是,由曾聯松設計的中華人民共和國國旗。第一面國旗的制作者是國營永茂實業公司的宋樹信。高32.6米的旗桿是由特殊處理過的,20年不會腐蝕的無縫鋼管分4節組裝而成。  旗桿的遠處廣場的中心位置,是新中國第一座大型紀念性建筑——人民英雄紀念碑。紀念碑以梁思成的設計方案為主,再綜合其他3個方案,于1952年8月正式動工興建,1958年5月1日完工。通高約38米,碑芯高14.7米,重60噸;碑身由413塊花崗巖組成;碑座四面鑲嵌有8幅巨大的浮雕,內容分別為焚燒鴉片、金田起義、武昌起義、五四運動、五卅運動、南昌起義、抗日游擊戰爭、勝利渡長江。碑身正面有毛澤東主席親筆題寫的鎦金大字“人民英雄永垂不朽”,背面是毛主席起草周總理親筆書寫的碑文。碑文內容是“三千年以來,在人民解放戰爭和人民革命中犧牲的人民英雄們永垂不朽。三十年以來,在人民解放戰爭和人民革命中犧牲的人民英雄們永垂不朽,由此上溯到一千八百四十年,從那時起為了反對內外敵人,爭取民族獨立和人民自由幸福,在歷次斗爭中犧牲的人民英雄永垂不朽!”  天安門廣場南部的方形建筑,就是安放毛主席遺體的毛主席紀念堂。紀念堂占地面57萬多平方米,全部工程僅用6個月就完成。在主席逝世一周年時正式對外開放。紀念堂內由北大廳、瞻仰廳和南大廳組成。北大廳中央是高3米的毛主席漢白玉坐象,坐像的背后是巨幅祖國山河圖。瞻仰廳是紀念堂的核心部分,內有黑色花崗巖砌成的梯形棺床。上面安放著有毛主席遺體的水晶棺。南大廳北墻為漢白玉石墻,上面鐫刻有毛主席的詩詞《滿江紅》。  現在咱們來看廣場的東西兩側。在廣場的西側是1958年10月興建,1959年國慶前竣工的人民大會堂。整組建筑平面呈“山”字形,正面墻呈“弓”字形。中央最高處為46.5米,因此大會堂是整個天安門廣場上的最高建筑。大會堂四周用143根巨柱支撐,東部有金色大銅門5扇,正門上方高懸著全國最大的國徽,極為宏偉壯觀。中部是著名的萬人大會堂,三層扇形會場可容納10000人。穹窿形的頂部中央位置為巨大的紅五角星燈,發出70道光芒,周圍是40片葵花瓣、500個滿天星及三層水波形燈槽。喻意“萬眾一心團結在黨中央周圍”。北部為我國最大的宴會廳。可同時供5000人宴會,一萬人酒會。南部是人大常委會辦公樓,辦公樓部分還包括有全國各省、市、自治區、直轄市、特區各具特色的會議廳。  天安門廣場東側的巍峨建筑就是國家博物館了,北半部是中國革命博物館,南半部是中國歷史博物館。中國革命博物館建成于1959年8月。有兩層展室,自1961年7月1日正式開放。以自“五四”以來的革命資料為主要展品,分為《近代中國陳列》和《當代中國陳列》各展廳內有圖片、文字說明和大量實物。  中國歷史博物館前身是北京歷史博物館,成立于1912年7月。1959年遷入。基本陳列是《中國通史》,展品跨越從奴隸社會夏商周到太平天國直至清王朝滅亡數千年歷史,分朝代展出文物、貨幣、書畫等40多萬件歷史文物。  現在咱們再回到廣場的最南端,這里的兩座建筑就是內城中最高大的城門正陽門及其箭樓了,“正陽”取“圣主當陽,日至中天,萬國瞻仰”之意。建成于明永樂十八年。光緒年間被八國聯軍炮火擊毀,后重建。  好了,天安門廣場及天安門的參觀到此就結束了。現在給大家20分鐘自由活動。  中文的
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